Grade -8 (Science):- Environment and Sustainable Development
Unit :- 24 Environment and Sustainable (Digo) Development
Environment :Environment is the totality of physical and biological world where living being and non living being things exist .Living being get air, water, food, habitat, etc. from the environment .
Biodiversity :The degree of
variation of life on the earth on the basis of their number ,type, genes
,ecosystem etc is known as biodiversity .It refers to
the total number of organism and their degree of variation .
Importance of biodiversity :
i)To
develop the fundamental aspect .
ii)To
reduce the risk of local and global climate change .
iii)To
control the pollutants .
iv)To
protect areas from soil erosion ,floods,and other harmful weather conditions.
Types of biodiversity :Biodiversity is
mainly 3 types :
1.)Ecosystem diversity :The diversity in
ecological system due to variation in climate and geographical condition is
called ecosystem diversity .In Nepal various types of aquatic and terrestrial
ecosystem are found in different parts of the country due to variation in
climate and geographical conditions .Therefore different types of plants and
animals are found in Nepal.
i)By
increasing biodiversity in urban places.
ii)By
controlling weeds without use of pesticides .
iii)Minimizing
unwanted bugs with household items .
iv)Burring
organic food product .
v)By
reducing carbon emission .
vi)Identifying
location of critical wildlife habitat .
vii)By
recycle, reuse, and reduce .
viii)Encourage
Sustainable development : The development that meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their
own needs is known as Sustainable development .
Importance of sustainable development :
i)Proper use of resources
ii)Feeling
of responsibility
iii)Development
of basic aspects .
iv)Participatory
development .
v)Limitation
of development .
vi)Long
term vision .
Principle of sustainable
development :The
major principle of sustainable development are as follows :
1.)Conservation of Ecosystem :Human being and
other living being survive in the environment of living being and non living
being together form an ecosystem .so by conserving the ecosystem we can do the
sustainable development .
2.)Conservation of Biodiversity :All organism have
their equal importance and their
importance roles in the community for long lasting food cycle ,so by the
conservation of biodiversity we can do the sustainable development .
3.)Health and Quality of life :For sustainable
development social development programs can play a very important role .In such
programs facilities life ,health ,job etc are promoted for the people which
help them to improve their quality of life .
4.)Population Control :The main causes of
natural imbalance on the earth is over population of human beings i.e. over
consumption of natural resources ,pollution, in balance of ecosystem etc. So
the population control can contribute to sustainable development .
5.)Development of human resources
:
All the professional have their equal importance for long lasting development
.So The development of human resources by providing appropriate education and
knowledge ,support and contribute to sustainable development .
Global efforts on sustainable
development :Globally
,efforts have been given in the following points for sustainable development :
i)Protection
of nature and management of nature of resource .
ii)Promotion
of investment of natural resources .
iii)Conservation of biodiversity .
iv)Conservation
of ecosystem.
v)Pollution
controls .
vi)Population
controls and poverty alleviation .
vii)Increasing
people’s participation.
viii)Formation
of NGO’s groups .
ix)Conservation for future generation .
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